To test if the preparation of granular samples with flow pulses is
independent of the preparation history, we used the following
sequence of 1450 flow pulses: First the flow rate was
decreased in 14 steps from 60 mL/min to 23 mL/min (red curve), and
then increased again with the same 14 steps backwards (blue curve). Each
step consisted of 50 flow pulses, the volume fraction Φ was measured
after the sample had sedimented into a mechanically stable configuration.
The average volume fraction is the same for increasing (red circles) and
decreasing (blue cross) flow rate. The remaining differences are
correlated with the temperature fluctuations during the experiment (+/-
0.1K).
[ Matthias Schröter, Home / Statistical mechanics of static granular media]
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Last modified: Wed Mar 16 13:35:24 CST 2005
Last modified: Wed Mar 16 13:35:24 CST 2005